This combination, Osiris-Horus, was therefore a life-death-rebirth deity, and thus associated with the new harvest each year. As such, since Horus was born after Osiris' resurrection, Horus became thought of as representing new beginnings. Osiris was subsequently resurrected by Anubis. The myth described Osiris as having been killed by his brother Seth who wanted Osiris' throne. Attempts to explain how Osiris, a god of the dead, could give rise to someone so definitely alive as Horus, lead to the development of the Legend of Osiris and Isis, which became the greatest myth in Egyptian mythology. Later, when Hathor's identity (from the Ogdoad) was assimilated into that of Isis, Osiris, who had been Isis' husband (in the Ogdoad), became considered her son, and thus, since Osiris was Isis' husband (in the Ennead), Osiris also became considered Horus ' father. To explain the apparent infidelity of Osiris, it was said that a sexually frustrated Nephthys had disguised herself as Isis to get more attention from her husband, Set, but did not succeed, although Osiris then mistook her for Isis, and they procreated, resulting in Anubis' birth. However, as Isis, Osiris' wife, represented life, in the Ennead, it was considered somewhat inappropriate for her to be the mother of a god associated with death, and so instead, it was usually said that Nephthys, the other of the two female children of Geb and Nut, was his mother. Abydos, which had been a strong centre of the cult of Anubis, became a centre of the cult of Osiris. In order to explain this, Anubis was said to have given way to Osiris out of respect, and, as an underworld deity, was subsequently identified as being Osiris' son. It is reconstructed to have been pronounced Us-iri (oos-ee-ree) meaning 'Throne of the Eye' and survives into the Coptic language as Ousire.Įarlier, when the Ennead and Ogdoad cosmogenies became merged, with the identification of Ra as Atum ( Atum-Ra), gradually Anubis, the god of the underworld in the Ogdoad system, was replaced by Osiris, whose cult had become more significant. The name was first recorded in Egyptian hieroglyphs only as ws-ir or os-ir because the Egyptian writing system omitted vowels. a short 'a' pronounced from the back of the throat as if swallowing). The majority of current thinking is that the Egyptian name is pronounced aser where the a is the letter ayin (i.e. The origin of Osiris's name is a mystery, which forms an obstacle to knowing the pronunciation of its hieroglyphic form. Further studies show there was other Ancient Egyptians that had a similar appearance. Osiris is normally depicted with a blue or even sometimes a green complexion. all men, not just dead pharaohs, were believed to be associated with Osiris at death. Osiris was not only the merciful judge of the dead in the afterlife, but also the underworld agency that granted all life, including sprouting vegetation and the fertile flooding of the Nile River. At the height of the ancient Nile civilization, Osiris was regarded as the primary deity of a henotheism. Osiris (Greek language, also Usiris the Egyptian language name is variously transliterated Asar, Aser, Ausar, Wesir, or Ausare) is the Egyptian god of life, death, and fertility. Osiris depicted in the QV66 tomb of Nefertari.
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